[인프라] 웹 서버 소프트웨어(Apache, Nginx)는 OSI 7계층 중 어디서 작동하는지 설명해보세요.
목차
1. 웹 서버란?
2. 웹서버 기능 분석
웹 서버란?
웹 서버(Web server)는 다음의 두 가지 뜻 가운데 하나이다.
웹 서버: 웹 브라우저와 같은 클라이언트로부터 HTTP 요청을 받아들이고, HTML 문서와 같은 웹 페이지를 반환하는 컴퓨터 프로그램
웹 서버 (하드웨어): 위에 언급한 기능을 제공하는 컴퓨터 프로그램을 실행하는 컴퓨터
by 위키백과
위키백과에 따르면,
웹서버란 클라이언트로부터 "HTTP" 요청을 받아들이고, 웹페이지를 반환하는 컴퓨터 프로그램 또는 컴퓨터를 통칭하는 용어라고 설명하고 있다.
즉, 위의 그림과 같이 클라이언트로부터 HTTP 요청을 받아들이고, 그 요청에 대한 응답을 HTML 웹페이지로써 반환하는 역할을 수행한다고 볼 수 있다.
여기서 HTTP 프로토콜이란?
- OSI 7 계층인 application layer에 위치한 프로토콜
- 클라이언트-서버 프로토콜
- 사용
- HTML 문서와 같은 리소스들을 가져오는데 사용
- HTTP의 확장성으로 이미지, 비디오 혹은 HTML 폼 결과 와 같은 내용을 POST 하기 위해 사용
- 웹페이지 갱신하기위해 문서의 일부를 가져오는데 사용 (ajax 비동기 통신)
아래 이미지를 보면 HTTP는 HTML와 같은 웹페이지와 서버 사이에 위치한 프로토콜임을 확인 할 수 있다. 또한 DNS, TCP, TLS 등의 네트워크, 전송 계층 보다 한층 위인 어플리케이션 계층, 최상위계층에 속하기 때문에 아래의 계층과 관계없이 동작한다.
참고 : https://developer.mozilla.org/ko/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview
웹서버의 주요 기능
1. HTTP
2. 통신 기록
그외 대다수의 웹서버는 아래의 기능을 제공한다.
1. 인증
2. 정적 콘텐츠 관리
3. HTTPS 지원
4. 콘텐츠 압축
5. 가상 호스팅
6. 대용량 파일 지원
7. 대역폭 스로틀링
주요 소프트웨어
- Apache
- IIS
- Nginx
- GWS
- WebtoB
웹서버 기능 분석
국내 상용 웹서버인 webtob 를 이용하여 처음 확인하였던 웹서버의 기능을 하나씩 테스트 해보며 웹서버의 기능을 구체적으로 확인해 보았다.
1. HTTP
웹서버에서 제공하는 HTTP 요청을 통한 HTML 이 응답되는 과정을 보면 아래와 같다.
2. 통신 기록
웹서버는 위와 같은 HTTP 통신에 대한 기록을 log을 통해 확인할 수 있도록 한다.
위와 같이 HTTP 요청, 통신에 대한 기록을 확인 할 수 있다. 그외에도 error 로그, system 로그, 로그 레벨 조정을 통해 더 자세한 기록을 남길 수 있다.
3. 정적 콘텐츠 관리
다음과 같이 webtob에서 처리 가능한 static 콘텐츠들을 확인 할 수 있다.
HTTP 의 확장성에 의해 기본적인 HTML, JS 등 뿐만 아니라 gif, pdf, exe 등의 다양한 콘텐츠가 가능하다.
webtob에서 제공하는 mime type 전체는 아래와 같다.
[w5004@T2:/data/w5004/webtob/config]$ cat mime.types
# This file maps Internet media types to unique file extension(s).
# Although created for httpd, this file is used by many software systems
# and has been placed in the public domain for unlimited redisribution.
#
# The table below contains both registered and (common) unregistered types.
# A type that has no unique extension can be ignored -- they are listed
# here to guide configurations toward known types and to make it easier to
# identify "new" types. File extensions are also commonly used to indicate
# content languages and encodings, so choose them carefully.
#
# Internet media types should be registered as described in RFC 4288.
# The registry is at <http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/>.
#
# MIME type Extensions
application/activemessage
application/andrew-inset ez
application/applefile
application/applixware aw
application/atom+xml atom
application/atomcat+xml atomcat
application/atomicmail
application/atomsvc+xml atomsvc
application/auth-policy+xml
application/batch-smtp
application/beep+xml
application/cals-1840
application/ccxml+xml ccxml
application/cea-2018+xml
application/cellml+xml
application/cnrp+xml
application/commonground
application/conference-info+xml
application/cpl+xml
application/csta+xml
application/cstadata+xml
application/cu-seeme cu
application/cybercash
application/davmount+xml davmount
application/dca-rft
application/dec-dx
application/dialog-info+xml
application/dicom
application/dns
application/dvcs
application/ecmascript ecma
application/edi-consent
application/edi-x12
application/edifact
application/emma+xml emma
application/epp+xml
application/epub+zip epub
application/eshop
application/example
application/fastinfoset
application/fastsoap
application/fits
application/font-tdpfr pfr
application/h224
application/http
application/hyperstudio stk
application/ibe-key-request+xml
application/ibe-pkg-reply+xml
application/ibe-pp-data
application/iges
application/im-iscomposing+xml
application/index
application/index.cmd
application/index.obj
application/index.response
application/index.vnd
application/iotp
application/ipp
application/isup
application/java-archive jar
application/java-serialized-object ser
application/java-vm class
application/javascript js
application/json json
application/kpml-request+xml
application/kpml-response+xml
application/lost+xml lostxml
application/mac-binhex40 hqx
application/mac-compactpro cpt
application/macwriteii
application/marc mrc
application/mathematica ma nb mb
application/mathml+xml mathml
application/mbms-associated-procedure-description+xml
application/mbms-deregister+xml
application/mbms-envelope+xml
application/mbms-msk+xml
application/mbms-msk-response+xml
application/mbms-protection-description+xml
application/mbms-reception-report+xml
application/mbms-register+xml
application/mbms-register-response+xml
application/mbms-user-service-description+xml
application/mbox mbox
application/media_control+xml
application/mediaservercontrol+xml mscml
application/mikey
application/moss-keys
application/moss-signature
application/mosskey-data
application/mosskey-request
application/mp4 mp4s
application/mpeg4-generic
application/mpeg4-iod
application/mpeg4-iod-xmt
application/msword doc dot wiz
application/mxf mxf
application/nasdata
application/news-checkgroups
application/news-groupinfo
application/news-transmission
application/nss
application/ocsp-request
application/ocsp-response
application/octet-stream bin dms lha lrf lzh so iso dmg dist distz pkg bpk dump elc deploy
application/oda oda
application/oebps-package+xml opf
application/ogg ogx
application/onenote onetoc onetoc2 onetmp onepkg
application/parityfec
application/patch-ops-error+xml xer
application/pdf pdf
application/pgp-encrypted pgp
application/pgp-keys
application/pgp-signature asc sig
application/pics-rules prf
application/pidf+xml
application/pidf-diff+xml
application/pkcs10 p10
application/pkcs7-mime p7m p7c
application/pkcs7-signature p7s
application/pkix-cert cer
application/pkix-crl crl
application/pkix-pkipath pkipath
application/pkixcmp pki
application/pls+xml pls
application/poc-settings+xml
application/postscript ai eps ps
application/prs.alvestrand.titrax-sheet
application/prs.cww cww
application/prs.nprend
application/prs.plucker
application/qsig
application/rdf+xml rdf
application/reginfo+xml rif
application/relax-ng-compact-syntax rnc
application/remote-printing
application/resource-lists+xml rl
application/resource-lists-diff+xml rld
application/riscos
application/rlmi+xml
application/rls-services+xml rs
application/rsd+xml rsd
application/rss+xml rss
application/rtf rtf
application/rtx
application/samlassertion+xml
application/samlmetadata+xml
application/sbml+xml sbml
application/scvp-cv-request scq
application/scvp-cv-response scs
application/scvp-vp-request spq
application/scvp-vp-response spp
application/sdp sdp
application/set-payment
application/set-payment-initiation setpay
application/set-registration
application/set-registration-initiation setreg
application/sgml
application/sgml-open-catalog
application/shf+xml shf
application/sieve
application/simple-filter+xml
application/simple-message-summary
application/simplesymbolcontainer
application/slate
application/smil
application/smil+xml smi smil
application/soap+fastinfoset
application/soap+xml
application/sparql-query rq
application/sparql-results+xml srx
application/spirits-event+xml
application/srgs gram
application/srgs+xml grxml
application/ssml+xml ssml
application/timestamp-query
application/timestamp-reply
application/tve-trigger
application/ulpfec
application/vemmi
application/vividence.scriptfile
application/vnd.3gpp.bsf+xml
application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-large plb
application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-small psb
application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-var pvb
application/vnd.3gpp.sms
application/vnd.3gpp2.bcmcsinfo+xml
application/vnd.3gpp2.sms
application/vnd.3gpp2.tcap tcap
application/vnd.3m.post-it-notes pwn
application/vnd.accpac.simply.aso aso
application/vnd.accpac.simply.imp imp
application/vnd.acucobol acu
application/vnd.acucorp atc acutc
application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip air
application/vnd.adobe.xdp+xml xdp
application/vnd.adobe.xfdf xfdf
application/vnd.aether.imp
application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azf azf
application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azs azs
application/vnd.amazon.ebook azw
application/vnd.americandynamics.acc acc
application/vnd.amiga.ami ami
application/vnd.android.package-archive apk
application/vnd.anser-web-certificate-issue-initiation cii
application/vnd.anser-web-funds-transfer-initiation fti
application/vnd.antix.game-component atx
application/vnd.apple.installer+xml mpkg
application/vnd.arastra.swi swi
application/vnd.audiograph aep
application/vnd.autopackage
application/vnd.avistar+xml
application/vnd.blueice.multipass mpm
application/vnd.bluetooth.ep.oob
application/vnd.bmi bmi
application/vnd.businessobjects rep
application/vnd.cab-jscript
application/vnd.canon-cpdl
application/vnd.canon-lips
application/vnd.cendio.thinlinc.clientconf
application/vnd.chemdraw+xml cdxml
application/vnd.chipnuts.karaoke-mmd mmd
application/vnd.cinderella cdy
application/vnd.cirpack.isdn-ext
application/vnd.claymore cla
application/vnd.clonk.c4group c4g c4d c4f c4p c4u
application/vnd.commerce-battelle
application/vnd.commonspace csp
application/vnd.contact.cmsg cdbcmsg
application/vnd.cosmocaller cmc
application/vnd.crick.clicker clkx
application/vnd.crick.clicker.keyboard clkk
application/vnd.crick.clicker.palette clkp
application/vnd.crick.clicker.template clkt
application/vnd.crick.clicker.wordbank clkw
application/vnd.criticaltools.wbs+xml wbs
application/vnd.ctc-posml pml
application/vnd.ctct.ws+xml
application/vnd.cups-pdf
application/vnd.cups-postscript
application/vnd.cups-ppd ppd
application/vnd.cups-raster
application/vnd.cups-raw
application/vnd.curl.car car
application/vnd.curl.pcurl pcurl
application/vnd.cybank
application/vnd.data-vision.rdz rdz
application/vnd.denovo.fcselayout-link fe_launch
application/vnd.dir-bi.plate-dl-nosuffix
application/vnd.dna dna
application/vnd.dolby.mlp mlp
application/vnd.dolby.mobile.1
application/vnd.dolby.mobile.2
application/vnd.dpgraph dpg
application/vnd.dreamfactory dfac
application/vnd.dvb.esgcontainer
application/vnd.dvb.ipdcdftnotifaccess
application/vnd.dvb.ipdcesgaccess
application/vnd.dvb.ipdcroaming
application/vnd.dvb.iptv.alfec-base
application/vnd.dvb.iptv.alfec-enhancement
application/vnd.dvb.notif-aggregate-root+xml
application/vnd.dvb.notif-container+xml
application/vnd.dvb.notif-generic+xml
application/vnd.dvb.notif-ia-msglist+xml
application/vnd.dvb.notif-ia-registration-request+xml
application/vnd.dvb.notif-ia-registration-response+xml
application/vnd.dvb.notif-init+xml
application/vnd.dxr
application/vnd.dynageo geo
application/vnd.ecdis-update
application/vnd.ecowin.chart mag
application/vnd.ecowin.filerequest
application/vnd.ecowin.fileupdate
application/vnd.ecowin.series
application/vnd.ecowin.seriesrequest
application/vnd.ecowin.seriesupdate
application/vnd.emclient.accessrequest+xml
application/vnd.enliven nml
application/vnd.epson.esf esf
application/vnd.epson.msf msf
application/vnd.epson.quickanime qam
application/vnd.epson.salt slt
application/vnd.epson.ssf ssf
application/vnd.ericsson.quickcall
application/vnd.eszigno3+xml es3 et3
application/vnd.etsi.aoc+xml
application/vnd.etsi.cug+xml
application/vnd.etsi.iptvcommand+xml
application/vnd.etsi.iptvdiscovery+xml
application/vnd.etsi.iptvprofile+xml
application/vnd.etsi.iptvsad-bc+xml
application/vnd.etsi.iptvsad-cod+xml
application/vnd.etsi.iptvsad-npvr+xml
application/vnd.etsi.iptvueprofile+xml
application/vnd.etsi.mcid+xml
application/vnd.etsi.sci+xml
application/vnd.etsi.simservs+xml
application/vnd.eudora.data
application/vnd.ezpix-album ez2
application/vnd.ezpix-package ez3
application/vnd.f-secure.mobile
application/vnd.fdf fdf
application/vnd.fdsn.mseed mseed
application/vnd.fdsn.seed seed dataless
application/vnd.ffsns
application/vnd.fints
application/vnd.flographit gph
application/vnd.fluxtime.clip ftc
application/vnd.font-fontforge-sfd
application/vnd.framemaker fm frame maker book
application/vnd.frogans.fnc fnc
application/vnd.frogans.ltf ltf
application/vnd.fsc.weblaunch fsc
application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys oas
application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys2 oa2
application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys3 oa3
application/vnd.fujitsu.oasysgp fg5
application/vnd.fujitsu.oasysprs bh2
application/vnd.fujixerox.art-ex
application/vnd.fujixerox.art4
application/vnd.fujixerox.hbpl
application/vnd.fujixerox.ddd ddd
application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks xdw
application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks.binder xbd
application/vnd.fut-misnet
application/vnd.fuzzysheet fzs
application/vnd.genomatix.tuxedo txd
application/vnd.geogebra.file ggb
application/vnd.geogebra.tool ggt
application/vnd.geometry-explorer gex gre
application/vnd.gmx gmx
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml
application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz
application/vnd.grafeq gqf gqs
application/vnd.gridmp
application/vnd.groove-account gac
application/vnd.groove-help ghf
application/vnd.groove-identity-message gim
application/vnd.groove-injector grv
application/vnd.groove-tool-message gtm
application/vnd.groove-tool-template tpl
application/vnd.groove-vcard vcg
application/vnd.handheld-entertainment+xml zmm
application/vnd.hbci hbci
application/vnd.hcl-bireports
application/vnd.hhe.lesson-player les
application/vnd.hp-hpgl hpgl
application/vnd.hp-hpid hpid
application/vnd.hp-hps hps
application/vnd.hp-jlyt jlt
application/vnd.hp-pcl pcl
application/vnd.hp-pclxl pclxl
application/vnd.httphone
application/vnd.hydrostatix.sof-data sfd-hdstx
application/vnd.hzn-3d-crossword x3d
application/vnd.ibm.afplinedata
application/vnd.ibm.electronic-media
application/vnd.ibm.minipay mpy
application/vnd.ibm.modcap afp listafp list3820
application/vnd.ibm.rights-management irm
application/vnd.ibm.secure-container sc
application/vnd.iccprofile icc icm
application/vnd.igloader igl
application/vnd.immervision-ivp ivp
application/vnd.immervision-ivu ivu
application/vnd.informedcontrol.rms+xml
application/vnd.informix-visionary
application/vnd.intercon.formnet xpw xpx
application/vnd.intertrust.digibox
application/vnd.intertrust.nncp
application/vnd.intu.qbo qbo
application/vnd.intu.qfx qfx
application/vnd.iptc.g2.conceptitem+xml
application/vnd.iptc.g2.knowledgeitem+xml
application/vnd.iptc.g2.newsitem+xml
application/vnd.iptc.g2.packageitem+xml
application/vnd.ipunplugged.rcprofile rcprofile
application/vnd.irepository.package+xml irp
application/vnd.is-xpr xpr
application/vnd.jam jam
application/vnd.japannet-directory-service
application/vnd.japannet-jpnstore-wakeup
application/vnd.japannet-payment-wakeup
application/vnd.japannet-registration
application/vnd.japannet-registration-wakeup
application/vnd.japannet-setstore-wakeup
application/vnd.japannet-verification
application/vnd.japannet-verification-wakeup
application/vnd.jcp.javame.midlet-rms rms
application/vnd.jisp jisp
application/vnd.joost.joda-archive joda
application/vnd.kahootz ktz ktr
application/vnd.kde.karbon karbon
application/vnd.kde.kchart chrt
application/vnd.kde.kformula kfo
application/vnd.kde.kivio flw
application/vnd.kde.kontour kon
application/vnd.kde.kpresenter kpr kpt
application/vnd.kde.kspread ksp
application/vnd.kde.kword kwd kwt
application/vnd.kenameaapp htke
application/vnd.kidspiration kia
application/vnd.kinar kne knp
application/vnd.koan skp skd skt skm
application/vnd.kodak-descriptor sse
application/vnd.liberty-request+xml
application/vnd.llamagraphics.life-balance.desktop lbd
application/vnd.llamagraphics.life-balance.exchange+xml lbe
application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3 123
application/vnd.lotus-approach apr
application/vnd.lotus-freelance pre
application/vnd.lotus-notes nsf
application/vnd.lotus-organizer org
application/vnd.lotus-screencam scm
application/vnd.lotus-wordpro lwp
application/vnd.macports.portpkg portpkg
application/vnd.marlin.drm.actiontoken+xml
application/vnd.marlin.drm.conftoken+xml
application/vnd.marlin.drm.license+xml
application/vnd.marlin.drm.mdcf
application/vnd.mcd mcd
application/vnd.medcalcdata mc1
application/vnd.mediastation.cdkey cdkey
application/vnd.meridian-slingshot
application/vnd.mfer mwf
application/vnd.mfmp mfm
application/vnd.micrografx.flo flo
application/vnd.micrografx.igx igx
#application/vnd.mif mif
application/vnd.minisoft-hp3000-save
application/vnd.mitsubishi.misty-guard.trustweb
application/vnd.mobius.daf daf
application/vnd.mobius.dis dis
application/vnd.mobius.mbk mbk
application/vnd.mobius.mqy mqy
application/vnd.mobius.msl msl
application/vnd.mobius.plc plc
application/vnd.mobius.txf txf
application/vnd.mophun.application mpn
application/vnd.mophun.certificate mpc
application/vnd.motorola.flexsuite
application/vnd.motorola.flexsuite.adsi
application/vnd.motorola.flexsuite.fis
application/vnd.motorola.flexsuite.gotap
application/vnd.motorola.flexsuite.kmr
application/vnd.motorola.flexsuite.ttc
application/vnd.motorola.flexsuite.wem
application/vnd.motorola.iprm
application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml xul
application/vnd.ms-artgalry cil
application/vnd.ms-asf
application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed cab
application/vnd.ms-excel xls xlm xla xlc xlt xlw
application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroenabled.12 xlam
application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroenabled.12 xlsb
application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroenabled.12 xlsm
application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroenabled.12 xltm
application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot
application/vnd.ms-htmlhelp chm
application/vnd.ms-ims ims
application/vnd.ms-lrm lrm
application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat cat
application/vnd.ms-pki.stl stl
application/vnd.ms-playready.initiator+xml
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt pps pot
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroenabled.12 ppam
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroenabled.12 pptm
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroenabled.12 sldm
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroenabled.12 ppsm
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroenabled.12 potm
application/vnd.ms-project mpp mpt
application/vnd.ms-tnef
application/vnd.ms-wmdrm.lic-chlg-req
application/vnd.ms-wmdrm.lic-resp
application/vnd.ms-wmdrm.meter-chlg-req
application/vnd.ms-wmdrm.meter-resp
application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroenabled.12 docm
application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroenabled.12 dotm
application/vnd.ms-works wps wks wcm wdb
application/vnd.ms-wpl wpl
application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument xps
application/vnd.mseq mseq
application/vnd.msign
application/vnd.multiad.creator
application/vnd.multiad.creator.cif
application/vnd.music-niff
application/vnd.musician mus
application/vnd.muvee.style msty
application/vnd.ncd.control
application/vnd.ncd.reference
application/vnd.nervana
application/vnd.netfpx
application/vnd.neurolanguage.nlu nlu
application/vnd.noblenet-directory nnd
application/vnd.noblenet-sealer nns
application/vnd.noblenet-web nnw
application/vnd.nokia.catalogs
application/vnd.nokia.conml+wbxml
application/vnd.nokia.conml+xml
application/vnd.nokia.isds-radio-presets
application/vnd.nokia.iptv.config+xml
application/vnd.nokia.landmark+wbxml
application/vnd.nokia.landmark+xml
application/vnd.nokia.landmarkcollection+xml
application/vnd.nokia.n-gage.ac+xml
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application/vnd.nokia.n-gage.symbian.install n-gage
application/vnd.nokia.ncd
application/vnd.nokia.pcd+wbxml
application/vnd.nokia.pcd+xml
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application/vnd.nokia.radio-presets rpss
application/vnd.novadigm.edm edm
application/vnd.novadigm.edx edx
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application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database odb
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula odf
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application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template otg
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image odi
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application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template otp
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet ods
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application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master otm
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template ott
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web oth
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application/vnd.oma-scws-http-request
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application/vnd.oma.bcast.associated-procedure-parameter+xml
application/vnd.oma.bcast.drm-trigger+xml
application/vnd.oma.bcast.imd+xml
application/vnd.oma.bcast.ltkm
application/vnd.oma.bcast.notification+xml
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application/vnd.oma.bcast.sgboot
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application/vnd.oma.dcd
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application/vnd.oma.drm.risd+xml
application/vnd.oma.group-usage-list+xml
application/vnd.oma.poc.detailed-progress-report+xml
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application/vnd.oma.poc.groups+xml
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application/vnd.oma.xcap-directory+xml
application/vnd.omads-email+xml
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application/vnd.omaloc-supl-init
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application/vnd.pwg-multiplexed
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application/vnd.qualcomm.brew-app-res
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application/vnd.rapid
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application/vnd.simtech-mindmapper twd twds
application/vnd.smaf mmf
application/vnd.smart.teacher teacher
application/vnd.software602.filler.form+xml
application/vnd.software602.filler.form-xml-zip
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application/vnd.spotfire.dxp dxp
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application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml
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application/vnd.trueapp tra
application/vnd.truedoc
application/vnd.ufdl ufd ufdl
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application/vnd.unity unityweb
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application/vnd.uplanet.list
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application/vnd.uplanet.listcmd
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application/vnd.uplanet.signal
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application/vnd.xmpie.dpkg
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application/vnd.yellowriver-custom-menu cmp
application/vnd.zul zir zirz
application/vnd.zzazz.deck+xml zaz
application/voicexml+xml vxml
application/watcherinfo+xml
application/whoispp-query
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application/wita
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application/wspolicy+xml wspolicy
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application/x-authorware-seg aas
application/x-bcpio bcpio
application/x-bittorrent torrent
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application/x-bzip2 bz2 boz
application/x-cdlink vcd
application/x-chat chat
application/x-chess-pgn pgn
application/x-compress z
application/x-cpio cpio
application/x-csh csh
application/x-debian-package deb udeb
application/x-director dir dcr dxr cst cct cxt w3d fgd swa
application/x-doom wad
application/x-dtbncx+xml ncx
application/x-dtbook+xml dtb
application/x-dtbresource+xml res
application/x-dvi dvi
application/x-font-bdf bdf
application/x-font-dos
application/x-font-framemaker
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application/x-font-libgrx
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application/x-font-otf otf
application/x-font-pcf pcf
application/x-font-snf snf
application/x-font-speedo
application/x-font-sunos-news
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application/x-font-type1 pfa pfb pfm afm
application/x-font-vfont
application/x-futuresplash spl
application/x-gnumeric gnumeric
application/x-gtar gtar
application/x-gzip gz
application/x-hdf hdf
application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp
application/x-latex latex
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application/x-ms-application application
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application/x-ms-xbap xbap
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application/x-msbinder obd
application/x-mscardfile crd
application/x-msclip clp
application/x-msdownload exe dll com bat msi
application/x-msmediaview mvb m13 m14
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application/x-msmoney mny
application/x-mspublisher pub
application/x-msschedule scd
application/x-msterminal trm
application/x-mswrite wri
application/x-netcdf nc cdf
application/x-pkcs12 p12 pfx
application/x-pkcs7-certificates p7b spc
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp p7r
application/x-rar-compressed rar
application/x-sh sh
application/x-shar shar
application/x-shockwave-flash swf
application/x-silverlight-app xap
application/x-stuffit sit
application/x-stuffitx sitx
application/x-sv4cpio sv4cpio
application/x-sv4crc sv4crc
application/x-tar tar
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application/x-tex tex
application/x-tex-tfm tfm
application/x-texinfo texinfo texi
application/x-ustar ustar
application/x-wais-source src
application/x-x509-ca-cert der crt cacert
application/x-x509-server-cert scert
application/x-x509-user-cert ucert
application/x-x509-email-cert ecert
application/x-xfig fig
application/x-xpinstall xpi
application/x400-bp
application/xcap-att+xml
application/xcap-caps+xml
application/xcap-el+xml
application/xcap-error+xml
application/xcap-ns+xml
application/xcon-conference-info-diff+xml
application/xcon-conference-info+xml
application/xenc+xml xenc
application/xhtml+xml xhtml xht
application/xhtml-voice+xml
application/xml xml xsl
application/xml-dtd dtd
application/xml-external-parsed-entity
application/xmpp+xml
application/xop+xml xop
application/xslt+xml xslt
application/xspf+xml xspf
application/xv+xml mxml xhvml xvml xvm
application/zip zip
audio/32kadpcm
audio/3gpp
audio/3gpp2
audio/ac3
audio/adpcm adp
audio/amr
audio/amr-wb
audio/amr-wb+
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audio/bv16
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audio/clearmode
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audio/vnd.dts dts
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audio/vnd.everad.plj
audio/vnd.hns.audio
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audio/vnd.ms-playready.media.pya pya
audio/vnd.nokia.mobile-xmf
audio/vnd.nortel.vbk
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audio/vnd.sealedmedia.softseal.mpeg
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audio/vorbis
audio/vorbis-config
audio/x-aac aac
audio/x-aiff aif aiff aifc
audio/x-mpegurl m3u
audio/x-ms-wax wax
audio/x-ms-wma wma
audio/x-pn-realaudio ram ra
audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin rmp
audio/x-wav wav
chemical/x-cdx cdx
chemical/x-cif cif
chemical/x-cmdf cmdf
chemical/x-cml cml
chemical/x-csml csml
chemical/x-pdb
chemical/x-xyz xyz
image/bmp bmp
image/cgm cgm
image/example
image/fits
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image/jp2
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image/jpm
image/jpx
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image/tiff tiff tif
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image/vnd.adobe.photoshop psd
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image/x-icon ico
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image/x-pict pic pct
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image/x-rgb rgb
image/x-xbitmap xbm
image/x-xpixmap xpm
image/x-xwindowdump xwd
message/cpim
message/delivery-status
message/disposition-notification
message/example
message/external-body
message/global
message/global-delivery-status
message/global-disposition-notification
message/global-headers
message/http
message/imdn+xml
message/news
message/partial
message/rfc822 eml mime mht mhtml
message/s-http
message/sip
message/sipfrag
message/tracking-status
message/vnd.si.simp
model/example
model/iges igs iges
model/mesh msh mesh silo
model/vnd.dwf dwf
model/vnd.flatland.3dml
model/vnd.gdl gdl
model/vnd.gs-gdl
model/vnd.gs.gdl
model/vnd.gtw gtw
model/vnd.moml+xml
model/vnd.mts mts
model/vnd.parasolid.transmit.binary
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model/vnd.vtu vtu
model/vrml wrl vrml
multipart/alternative
multipart/appledouble
multipart/byteranges
multipart/digest
multipart/encrypted
multipart/example
multipart/form-data
multipart/header-set
multipart/mixed
multipart/parallel
multipart/related
multipart/report
multipart/signed
multipart/voice-message
text/calendar ics ifb
text/css css
text/csv csv
text/directory
text/dns
text/ecmascript
text/enriched
text/example
text/html html htm
text/javascript
text/parityfec
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text/vnd.curl curl
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text/vnd.esmertec.theme-descriptor
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text/vnd.motorola.reflex
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text/xml
text/xml-external-parsed-entity
video/3gpp 3gp
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video/bmpeg
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video/raw
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video/vnd.nokia.interleaved-multimedia
video/vnd.nokia.videovoip
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video/vnd.sealedmedia.softseal.mov
video/vnd.vivo viv vivo
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video/x-msvideo avi
video/x-sgi-movie movie
x-conference/x-cooltalk ice
# Added Extention
application/x-hwp hwp
application/gul gul
application/octet-stream ini
application/x-pe-win32-x86 ocx
application/alz alz
application/astound asd asn
application/fastman lcc
application/mbedlet mbd
application/oba oba
application/studiom smp
application/timbuktu tbt
application/x-javascript;charset=UTF-8 jsu
application/x-aim aim
application/x-asap asp
application/x-earthtime etc
application/x-envoy evy
application/x-javascript-config jsc
application/x-mif mif mi
application/x-mocha mocha moc
application/x-NET-Install ins
application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig proxy
application/x-salsa slc
application/x-sprite spr sprite
application/x-perl perl
application/x-timbuktu tbp
application/x-tkined tki tkined
application/pre-encrypted enc
application/x-fortezza-ckl ckl
audio/echospeech es esl
audio/x-pac pac
audio/x-epac pae
audio/x-liveaudio lam
image/fif fif
image/lef lef
image/ifs ifs
image/wavelet wi
image/x-photo-cd pcd
text/x-speech talk
video/isivideo fvi
video/x-mpeg2 mpv2 mp2v
video/wavelet wv
x-world/x-svr svr
x-world/x-vrt vrt
magnus-internal/imagemap map
4. HTTPS 지원
SSL 인증서를 이용하여 HTTPS 설정이 가능하다.
설정 방법은 아래와 같다.
여기서 인증서는 임의의 도메인인 yejin.site에 대하여 사설 인증서를 생성하여 적용하였다.
## vhost 에 8443 포트에 대하여 SSLFLAG=Y 설정
test4_ssl DOCROOT="/data/w5004/webtob/docs/test4",
HOSTNAME = "test4.yejin.site",
HOSTALIAS = "test4.yejin.site",
PORT = "8443",
ServiceOrder = "ext,uri",
#ServiceOrder = "uri,ext",
ERRORDOCUMENT = "400,401,403,404,405,406,503",
METHOD = "GET, POST, HEAD, -OPTIONS",
# Headers ="X-XSS,X-Content,strict,X-Download",
SSLFLAG = Y,
SSLNAME = "ssl_yejin",
#URLRewrite = Y,
#URLRewriteConfig = "/data/w5004/webtob/config/rewrite.conf",
LOGGING = "test_acc",
ERRORLOG = "test_err"
## 해당 도메인에 적합한 ssl 인증서 설정
*SSL
ssl_yejin CertificateFile="/data/w5004/webtob/ssl/newcert.pem",
CertificateKeyFile="/data/w5004/webtob/ssl/newcert.pem",
#CACertificateFile="/data/w5004/webtob/ssl/CA.pem",
#PassPhraseDialog = "exec:/data/w5004/webtob/ssl/passwd.sh",
#PassPhraseDialog= "file:/data/w5004/webtob/ssl/passwd.txt",
Protocols="-SSLv2, -SSLv3",
RequiredCiphers = "HIGH:MEDIUM:!SSLv2:!PSK:!SRP:!ADH:!AECDH:!EXP:!RC4:!IDEA:!3DES"8443 포트에 대하여 *.yejin.site 도메인에 대한 인증서를 적용 한 결과이다.
크롬과 같은 브라우저를 통해 인증서가 잘적용이 되었는지, HTTPS 프로토콜에대 한 검증이 가능하다.
5. 콘텐츠 압축
아래와 같이 간단히 "text/html"에 대하여만 HtmlCompression 설정을 하였다.
*HTH_THREAD
hth_worker
SendfileThreads = 0,
AccessLogThread = Y,
#ReadBufSize=1048576, #1M
HtmlsCompression="text/html",
SendfileThreshold=0,
WorkerThreads=8compression를 사용하여 요청의 content type이 gzip 의 형태로 들어가게 되어 사이즈가 큰 콘텐츠의 경우 효과적으로 전송시간을 단축할 수 있다.
access log에 압축률을 표기하도록 하여 확인한 결과이다.
기존의 20011698 byte에서 22098 byte로 99% 압축을 한 것을 볼 수 있다.
또한 브라우저에 확인시
아래와 같이 encoding이 gzip, deflate 형태로 들어오는 것을 확인 할 수 있다.
6. 가상 호스팅
하나의 웹서버에서 여러개의 vhost 가상 호스트를 두어 여러 도메인으로 서비스 할 수 있다.
아래와 같이 *VHOST 부분에 서로 다른 HOSTNAME을 설정하여 여러개의 가상 호스트를 서비스할 수 있다.
그외에도 웹서버는 proxy로서의 기능을 하며, 로드 밸런싱 기능, 장애처리를 위한 분산 서버 기능, 보안을 위한 앞단의 공격 대비 등 다양한 기능을 제공한다.
기술면접 질문 정리
1. 웹 서버 소프트웨어(Apache, Nginx)는 OSI 7계층 중 어디서 작동하는지 설명해보세요.
웹 서버는 HTTP 프로토콜을 사용해 html 데이터를 클라이언트에 제공하는 서버입니다.
그리고 HTTP 프로토콜은 OSI 7계층인 Application Layer에 위치해 있습니다.
브라우저와 서버 사이에 정보를 주고받기 위해 사용하며, Apache, Nginx는 웹 서버 중의 하나이므로 Applicaion 계층에서 작동합니다.
> 추가 면접 질문
웹서버 vs 웹 어플리케이션 서버
https://yejincode.tistory.com/23
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